We need a house to live in. Our house protects us from heat, cold, storm and rain It also protects us from animals and thieves. We see different types of houses around us. The types of houses we build depend upon our needs. A kachcha house is made up of mud and straw. It is found mostly in villages. It not very strong. A pakka house is made up of bricks, iron, wood, glass and cement. It is mostly found in towns. It is very strong. A multi-storey building is also a pakka house. It has many floors. Many family can live at different floors.
SPECIAL HOUSES
People who roam around from place to place are called nomads. They live in tents (made of canvas) or caravans. People living in very cold places, build houses of snow. These houses are called igloos. The places that are often flooded, have houses made on wooden posts. These houses are called stilt houses.
A GOOD HOUSE
A good house should have all the things we need to make ourselves safe and comfortable. A good house should have the following features:
It should be well-ventilated with windows and doors. It should have enough sunlight and fresh air. Sunlight kills germs and keeps the rooms dry. Clean and fresh air keeps us healthy.
The windows and doors should have proper wire netting. This keeps flies and mosquitoes away but allows air and sunlight to enter.
It should have a proper wire netting which keeps away drainage system to carry flies and mosquitoes. The drains carrying water from the kitchen and bathroom should be properly covered to keep mosquitoes away. The floor of the kitchen and bathroom should be sloped to allow water to flow out easily.
It should have open spaces like verandah, courtyard and balconies. Veranda balconies let in fresh, clean air and provide a lot of space for children to play.
It should have many plants around. Plants clean the air and make surroundings beautiful.
A CLEAN HOUSE
We must keep our house clean. Some insects like mosquito, housefly and cockroach spread diseases and make us sick. We can remove them by cleaning our house regularly.
To keep our house clean, following things should be done:
Furniture should be dusted and cleaned regularly.
The floor should be swept and mopped every day.
Germ-killers like phenyl should be used while mopping the floor.
Everything should be kept at its proper place so that our house looks neat and tidy.
Toilet and bathroom must be cleaned daily.
Dustbins should be kept covered to keep away insects that spread diseases.
Bed sheets and curtains must be washed regularly.
A clean house means a healthy and happy family.
CLOTHES AND FIBRES
Early humans used leaves and skin of dead animals to cover their bodies. Nowadays, we wear clothes not just to cover our bodies but also to
keep ourselves warm in winters.
protect ourselves from sun's heat in summers.
protect ourselves from rain and insect bites.
look good.
Fibres
Clothes are made up of fibres. Fibres are of two types:
a) Natural fibres
Natural fibres are obtained from either plants or animals. Cotton and jute are plant fibres. Wool and silk are animal fibres.
b) Synthetic (human-made)
Fibres made by humans in factories are called human-made or synthetic fibres Nylon, terrycot and polyester are synthetic fibres.
As winter ends, Sana finds her mother packing woollen clothes. We are explained that these are woollen clothes and are worn in winters. Wollen clothes do not allow body heat to escape and keep our body warm. People who live at places that are very cold due to a lot of snowfall, wear fur clothes. Fur clothes keep them warm. When it is hot, we wear light-coloured linen or cotton clothes. They allow body heat to escape and keep our body cool.
When it rains, we use raincoats, umbrellas and gumboots. These are made of material that does not allow water to pass through it. This is called waterproof material. This material keeps us dry and protects us from the rain.
Points to Remember about Housing and Clothing
We need a house to live in and protect ourselves from heat, cold, rain, animals, etc.
Kachcha house is made up of mud and straw, and is not very strong.
Pakka house is made up of bricks, iron and cement, and is very strong.
Igloos, caravans and stilt house are some special types of houses.
A good house should have proper ventilation, wire netted doors and windows, proper drainage system, many plants around it and open spaces like verandah and balconies.
Fibres are of two types-natural and synthetic.
We wear woollen clothes in winter and, cotton and linen clothes in summer.
Learning Videos for 3rd Grade Science - Housing and Clothing